ABSTRACT
Baimai is a complex of structure and function with the characteristics of wide distribution, complex structure, and multi-dimensional functions. Baimai, consisting of the channels in brain, the internal hidden channels connecting the viscera, and the external channels linking the limbs, governs the sensory, motor, and information transmission functions of human. According to Tibetan medicine, Baimai functions via "Long"(Qi) which moves in Baimai. "Long" is rough, light, cold, tiny, hard, and dynamic. The dysfunction of Baimai is manifested as numbness, swelling and pain, stiffness, atrophy, contracture, disability, hyperactivity, etc. The clinical manifestations of Baimai disease are facial paralysis, limb numbness, hemiplegia, contracture and rigidity, pain, opistho-tonos, paralysis, unconsciousness, head tremor, aphasia and tongue stiffness, and other abnormalities in facial consciousness, limb movement, and tactile sensation. Baimai Ointment for external use is used for the treatment of Baimai disease. It is mainly composed of medicinals which are spicy and bitter, warm, soft, mild, heavy, moist, and stable, and thus it is effective for the rough, light, cold, tiny, hard, and dynamic "Long" of Baimai disease. In clinical practice, it is mainly used for musculoskeletal diseases, such as osteoarthritis, scapulohumeral periarthritis, cervical spondylosis, low back pain, myofascitis, and tenosynovitis, nervous system diseases, such as paralysis and shoulder-hand syndrome, and limb stiffness caused by stroke, spastic cerebral palsy, trigeminal neuralgia, and facial neuritis, and limb motor and sensory dysfunction caused by trauma. According to the main symptoms of Baimai disease such as stiffness, rigidity, contraction, numbness, sensory disturbance and pain, clinicians should apply the Baimai Ointment via the inunction treatment of Tibetan medicine and in combination with Huo'ermai therapy and physiotherapy.
Subject(s)
Humans , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Edema , Medicine, Tibetan Traditional , PainABSTRACT
Objective:To study the secondary metabolites of the endophytic fungus Trichoderma harzianum,which was isolated from Physalis angulata. Method:The strains were cultured in a big-scale by oscillating incubator. Then the obtained culture liquid and mycelia were extracted by EtOAC and actone,respectively. The extracts were integrated after recovery of solvents, and then the active secondary metabolites were isolated and purified by comprehensive use of open ODS flash column,sephadex LH-20,HPLC,and LC-MS analysis techniques. Their structures were identified according to their physico-chemical properties and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) data. The cytotoxicities of the compounds were determined by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium(MTT) assay. Result:Ten compounds isolated from T. harzianum were identified as destruxin A2(1),destruxin B2(2),3-isobutyl-pyrrolopiperazine-2,5-dione[cyclo (leu-pro dipeptide)](3),cyclo (Phen-pro) dipeptide(4),cyclonerodiol(5),brevianamide F(6),N-acetyltryptamine(7),9-hydroxyl-(2-methylpropyl) isobutyl phthalate(8),5-hydroxy-3-hydroxymethyl-2-methyl-7-methoxychromone(9),and phenylpropionic acid(10). Compounds 1-10 didn't exhibit significant cytotoxicity to lung cancer cell line A549 in the MTT assay (IC50 ≥ 20 mg·L-1). Conclusion:All compounds were isolated from T. harzianum for the first time.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To investigate the chemical constituents from whole herb of Physalis angulata and test their cytotoxic activity. Methods: Compounds were isolated by chromatography methods and LC-MS guided analysis, structures were determined by spectroscopic techniques of 1D- and 2D-NMR (HSQC, HMBC, 1H-1H COSY, and NOESY), cytotoxic activity experiments were conducted by MTT method. Results: Twelve compounds were identified as physalins A (1), B (2), C (3), D (4), F (5), H (6), I (7), O (9), 5α-ethoxy-6β-hydroxy-5,6-dihydrophysalin B (8), β-sitosterol (10), 2-carboxyoxanilic acid methyl ester (11), and acetaminobenzoic acid (12). Conclusion: Among these compounds, compound 11 is a new natural product. Compounds 1-3 and 9 are firstly obtained from P. angulata. All compounds are tested for their inhibitory activities against human lung adenocarcinoma strain A-549, with IC50 values of 1.9-20.2 μmol/L, which indicates good cytotoxic activity of these physalins.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To provide new technique for quick and accurate identification of the skin of Bufo bufo gargarizans u-sing DNA barcoding method based on the COI sequence. METHODS: Fifty-four samples of the skin of Bufo bufo gargarizans and its four kinds of adulterants were collected from 16 different localities. The DNAs were extracted, the COI squences were amplified and sequenced bi-directionally. The obtained sequences were assembled using the CodonCode Aligner V 4.2. Then the genetic distances were accumulated using Kimura-2-Parameter(K2P) model, and the NJ tree was constructed by MEGA5.0. RESULTS: The intra-specific genetic distances were much smaller than inter-specific ones between the skin of Bufo bufo gargarizans and its adulterants. Furthermore, the NJ tree showed that the skin of Bufo bufo gargarizans can be distinguished from its adulterants clearly. CONCLUSION: The COI sequence can be used as the DNA barcode to identify the skin of Bufo bufo gargarizans and its adulterants with accuracy and efficiency.